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307th Bombardment Group
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| 307th Air Refueling Group | |
|---|---|
 Emblem of the 307th Air Refueling Group |
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| Active | 1942-1952; 1977-1983 |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Air Force |
The 307th Air Refueling Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 47th Air Division, stationed at Travis Air Force Base, California. It was inactivated on 31 December 1983
Two Presidential Unit Citations were awarded to the Group during World War II, one for action in the bombing of the Island of Truk, the most heavily defended and strongly fortified Japanese base in the Pacific. During withdrawal. gunners of the Group destroyed 31 of the 75 attacking aircraft, probably destroyed 12 more and damaged 10 in an air battle that lasted 43 minutes. This daring raid, made on 29 March 1944, neutralized the Japanese airfields, making possible long range flights without fighter protection, The other Presidential Unit Citation was awarded for the successful strike at the Baltkapapan Oil Refineries in Borneo on 30 September 1944. The 307th had to fly their B-24 Liberator bombers 17 1/2 hours for a round trip of 2,610 miles, the longest mass daylight mission ever flown by this type aircraft.
In the postwar era, the 93d Bombardment Group was one of the USAAF bombardment groups assigned to Strategic Air Command on 4 August 1946, the group being activated as a redesignation of the 498th Bombardment Group due to the Air Force's policy of retaining only low-numbered groups on active duty after the war.
The group deployed to Okinawa during the Korean War and was awarded the Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation for its air strikes against enemy forces in Korea. It was also awarded the Distinguished Unit Citation and several campaign streamers. The group was inactivated in 1952 when the parent wing adopted the Tri-Deputate organization and assigned all of the groups squadrons directly to the wing.
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History
- For additional history and lineage, see 307th Strategic Wing
Activated on 15 April 1942. Trained and flew patrols off the West Coast, first in B-17's and later in B-24's. Moved to Hawaii, October-November 1942, and assigned to Seventh AF. Trained and flew patrol and search missions. Attacked Wake Island, December 1942-January 1943, by staging through Midway.
Moved to Guadalcanal in February 1943 and assigned to Thirteenth AF. Served in combat, primarily in the South and Southwest Pacific, until the war ended. Attacked Japanese airfields, installations, and shipping in the Solomons and Bismarcks. Helped to neutralize enemy bases on Yap and in the Truk and Palau Islands. Received a DUC for an unescorted, daylight attack on heavily defended airfields in the Truk Islands on 29 March 1944. Supported operations in the Philippines by striking Japanese shipping in the southern Philippines and by bombing airfields on Leyte, Luzon, Negros, Ceram, and Halmahera. Also took part in Allied air operations against the Netherlands Indies by hitting airfields, shipping, and installations.
Received a DUC for an unescorted mission against vital oil refineries at Balikpapan, Borneo, on 3 October 1944. Supported Australian forces on Borneo and bombed targets in French Indochina during the last three months of the war.
Flew patrol missions along the Asiatic mainland and ferried liberated prisoners from Okinawa to Manila after V-J Day. Returned to the US, December 1945-January 1946. Inactivated on 18 January 1946.
Redesignated 307th Bombardment Group (Very Heavy). Activated on 4 August 1946. Assigned to Strategic Air Command. Equipped with B-29's. Trained and developed antisubmarine tactics. Redesignated 307th Bombardment Group (Medium) in May 1948. Based temporarily on Okinawa and attached to Far East Air Forces for operations during the Korean War. Attacked strategic objectives in North Korea, August-September 1950. After that, struck interdictory targets, including communications and supply centers, and supported UN ground forces by hitting gun emplacements and troop concentrations.
Became non-operational when parent wing adopted Tri-Deputate organization, 10 February 1951 and all assigned squadrons were attached directly to the wing. Inactivated 16 June 1952
Reactivated in 1977 as a KC-135 Air Refueling group at Travis AFB, California. Inactivated in 1983 due to a SAC force structure realignment.
Lineage
- Constituted as 307th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on 28 January 1942
- Activated on 15 April 1942
- Inactivated on 18 January 1946
- Redesignated 307th Bombardment Group (Very Heavy) on 4 August 1946
- Organized and activated, on 4 August 1946 from the personnel and equipment of the 498th Bombardment Group (Inactivated)
- Inactivated on 16 June 1952
- Redesignated 307th Air Refueling Group and activated on 1 July 1977
- Inactivated on 31 December 1983
Assignments
- II Bomber Command, 15 April 1942
- VII Bomber Command, 1 November 1942
- XIII Bomber Command, February 1943-December 1945
- Army Service Forces, 16-18 January 1946
- Fifteenth Air Force, 4 August 1946
- 307th Bombardment Wing, 28 July 1947-16 June 1952
- 47th Air Division, 1 July 1977 - 31 December 1983
Components
- 370th Bombardment Squadron: 15 April 1942-8 January 1946; 4 August 1946-16 June 1952
- 371st Bombardment Squadron: 15 April 1942-8 January 1946; 4 August 1946-16 June 1952
- 372d Bombardment Squadron: 15 April 1942-December 1945; 4 August 1946-16 June 1952
- 424th Bombardment Squadron: 15 April 1942-December 1945
- 916th Air Refueling Squadron: 1 July 1977 - 31 December 1983
Stations
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Aircraft
- B-17 Flying Fortress, 1942
- B-24 Liberator, 1942–1946
- B-29 Superfortress, 1946–1951
- KC-135 Stratotanker, 1977-1983
References
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Air Force Historical Research Agency.
- Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units Of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0892010924.
External links
- 307th Bomb Group Association [1]
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