Biotic stress

^[1] Biotic Stress is stress that occurs as a result of damage done to plants by other living organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, beneficial and harmful insects, weeds, and cultivated or native plants., the damage caused by these various living and nonliving agents can appear very similar. Even with close observation, accurate diagnosis can be difficult. For example, browning of leaves on an oak tree caused by drought stress may appear similar to leaf browning caused by oak wilt, a serious vascular disease, or the browning cause by anthracnose, a fairly minor leaf disease.

Agriculture [edit]

It is a major focus of agricultural research, due to the vast economic losses caused by biotic stress to cash crops. The relationship between biotic stress and plant yield affects economic decisions as well as practical development. The impact of biotic injury on crop yield impacts population dynamics, plant-stressor coevolution, and ecosystem nutrient cycling.^[2] Biotic stress also impacts horticultural plant health and natural habitats ecology. It also has dramatic changes in the host recipient. Plants are exposed to many stress factors, such as drought, high salinity or pathogens, which reduce the yield of the cultivated plants or affect the quality of the harvested products. Arabidopsis thaliana was used as a model plant to study the responses of plants to different sources of stress. ^[3] ==References==

Biological pest control [edit]

Biological pest control herbivore agents feeding on invasive species results in biotic stress, part of reducing and controlling some noxious weeds in agricultural areas and natural ecosystems. The use of mottled water hyacinth weevil (‘’Neochetina eichhorniae’’) worldwide on water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is an example.^{[1] [2]} More dominant cultivated or native plants in biological weed control can cause biotic stress from root, water, or nutrient competition below the surface, or from shading of sunlight above. This method can be part of habitat restoration projects.

See also [edit]

• Abiotic stress
• Biotic component
• List of beneficial weeds

References [edit]

Karim, Sazzad. "Exploring plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses". 

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