June 23

June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 191 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 1180 – First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan.
• 1305 – A peace treaty between the Flemish and the French is signed at Athis-sur-Orge.
• 1314 – First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn (south of Stirling) begins.
• 1532 – Henry VIII and François I sign a secret treaty against Emperor Charles V.
• 1565 – Turgut Reis (Dragut), commander of the Ottoman navy, dies during the Siege of Malta.
• 1611 – The mutinous crew of Henry Hudson's fourth voyage sets Henry, his son and seven loyal crew members adrift in an open boat in what is now Hudson Bay; they are never heard from again.
• 1661 – Marriage contract between Charles II of England and Catherine of Braganza.
• 1683 – William Penn signs a friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape Indians in Pennsylvania.
• 1713 – The French residents of Acadia are given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia, Canada.
• 1757 – Battle of Plassey – 3,000 British troops under Robert Clive defeat a 50,000 strong Indian army under Siraj Ud Daulah at Plassey.
• 1758 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Krefeld – British forces defeat French troops at Krefeld in Germany.
• 1760 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Landeshut – Austria defeats Prussia.
• 1780 – American Revolution: Battle of Springfield fought in and around Springfield, New Jersey (including Short Hills, formerly of Springfield, now of Millburn Township).
• 1794 – Empress Catherine II of Russia grants Jews permission to settle in Kiev.
• 1810 – John Jacob Astor forms the Pacific Fur Company.
• 1812 – War of 1812: Great Britain revokes the restrictions on American commerce, thus eliminating one of the chief reasons for going to war.
• 1848 – Beginning of the June Days Uprising in Paris, France.
• 1860 – The United States Congress establishes the Government Printing Office.
• 1865 – American Civil War: at Fort Towson in the Oklahoma Territory, Confederate, Brigadier General Stand Watie surrenders the last significant rebel army.
• 1868 – Typewriter: Christopher Latham Sholes received a patent for an invention he called the "Type-Writer."
• 1887 – The Rocky Mountains Park Act becomes law in Canada creating the nation's first national park, Banff National Park.
• 1894 – The International Olympic Committee is founded at the Sorbonne in Paris, at the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin.
• 1913 – Second Balkan War: The Greeks defeat the Bulgarians in the Battle of Doiran.
• 1914 – Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa takes Zacatecas from Victoriano Huerta.
• 1917 – In a game against the Washington Senators, Boston Red Sox pitcher Ernie Shore retires 26 batters in a row after replacing Babe Ruth, who had been ejected for punching the umpire.
• 1919 – Estonian War of Independence: the decisive defeat of the Baltische Landeswehr in the Battle of Cesis. This day is celebrated as Victory Day in Estonia.
• 1926 – The College Board administers the first SAT exam.
• 1931 – Wiley Post and Harold Gatty take off from Roosevelt Field, Long Island in an attempt to circumnavigate the world in a single-engine plane.
• 1938 – The Civil Aeronautics Act is signed into law, forming the Civil Aeronautics Authority in the United States.
• 1940 – World War II: German leader Adolf Hitler surveys newly defeated Paris in now occupied France.
• 1941 – The Lithuanian Activist Front declares independence from the Soviet Union and forms the Provisional Government of Lithuania; it lasts only briefly as the Nazis will occupy Lithuania a few weeks later.
• 1942 – World War II: the first selections for the gas chamber at Auschwitz take place on a train full of Jews from Paris.
• 1942 – World War II: Germany's latest fighter, a Focke-Wulf Fw 190, is captured intact when it mistakenly lands at RAF Pembrey in Wales.
• 1943 – World War II: The British destroyers HMS Eclipse and HMS Laforey sink the Italian submarine Ascianghi in the Mediterranean after she torpedoes the cruiser HMS Newfoundland.
• 1946 – The 1946 Vancouver Island earthquake strikes Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
• 1946 – The National Democratic Front wins a landslide victory in the municipal elections in French India.
• 1947 – The United States Senate follows the United States House of Representatives in overriding U.S. President Harry Truman's veto of the Taft-Hartley Act.
• 1956 – The French National Assembly takes the first step in creating the French Community by passing the Loi Cadre, transferring a number of powers from Paris to elected territorial governments in French West Africa.
• 1958 – The Dutch Reformed Church accepts women ministers.
• 1959 – Convicted Manhattan Project spy Klaus Fuchs is released after only nine years in prison and allowed to emigrate to Dresden, East Germany where he resumes a scientific career.
• 1959 – A fire in a resort hotel in Stalheim (Norway) kills 34 people.
• 1960 – The United States Food and Drug Administration declares Enovid to be the first officially approved combined oral contraceptive pill in the world.
• 1961 – Cold War: the Antarctic Treaty, which sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and bans military activity on the continent, comes into force after the opening date for signature set for the December 1, 1959.
• 1967 – Cold War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson meets with Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin in Glassboro, New Jersey for the three-day Glassboro Summit Conference.
• 1968 – 74 are killed and 150 injured in a football stampede towards a closed exit in a Buenos Aires stadium.
• 1969 – Warren E. Burger is sworn in as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court by retiring Chief Justice Earl Warren.
• 1972 – Watergate Scandal: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon and White House Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman are taped talking about using the Central Intelligence Agency to obstruct the Federal Bureau of Investigation's investigation into the Watergate break-ins.
• 1972 – Title IX of the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964 is amended to prohibit sexual discrimination to any educational program receiving federal funds.
• 1973 – A fire at a house in Hull, England which kills a six year old boy is passed off as an accident; it later emerges as the first of 26 deaths by fire caused over the next seven years by arsonist Peter Dinsdale.
• 1982 – Chinese American Vincent Chin dies in a coma after being beaten in Highland Park, Michigan on June 19, by two auto workers who had mistaken him for Japanese and who were angry about the success of Japanese auto companies.
• 1985 – A terrorist bomb aboard Air India flight 182 brings the Boeing 747 down off the coast of Ireland killing all 329 aboard.
• 2012 – The Waldo Canyon fire is a forest fire that started in the northwest of Colorado Springs, Colorado and spread over 18,500 acres.
• 2012 – Ashton Eaton breaks the decathlon world record at the United States Olympic Trials.

Births

• 47 BC – Caesarion, Egyptian son of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra (d. 30 BC)
• 1373 – Joan II of Naples (d. 1435)
• 1433 – Francis II, Duke of Brittany (d. 1488)
• 1456 – Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland (d. 1486)
• 1534 – Oda Nobunaga, Japanese warlord (d. 1582)
• 1596 – Johan Banér, Swedish soldier (d. 1641)
• 1612 – André Tacquet, Flemish mathematician (d. 1660)
• 1668 – Giambattista Vico, Italian philosopher and historian (d. 1744)
• 1683 – Etienne Fourmont, French orientalist (d. 1745)
• 1703 – Marie Leszczyńska, Polish wife of Louis XV of France (d. 1768)
• 1711 – Giovanni Battista Guadagnini, Italian luthier (d. 1786)
• 1716 – Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley, English politician (d. 1789)
• 1750 – Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu, French geologist (d. 1801)
• 1763 – Joséphine de Beauharnais, French wife of Napoleon I (d. 1814)
• 1799 – John Milton Bernhisel, American physician (d. 1881)
• 1800 – Karol Marcinkowski, Polish physician and activist (d. 1846)
• 1824 – Carl Reinecke, German composer, conductor, and pianist (d. 1910)
• 1863 – Sándor Bródy, Hungarian author and journalist (d. 1924)
• 1877 – Norman Pritchard, Indian-English actor (d. 1929)
• 1884 – Cyclone Taylor, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1979)
• 1888 – Bronson M. Cutting, American politician (d. 1935)
• 1888 – Lee Moran, American actor (d. 1961)
• 1889 – Anna Akhmatova, Russian poet (d. 1966)
• 1894 – Edward VIII of the United Kingdom (d. 1972)
• 1894 – Alfred Kinsey, American entomologist and sexologist (d. 1956)
• 1897 – Alexandru Giugaru, Romanian actor (d. 1986)
• 1902 – Mathias Wieman, German actor (d. 1969)
• 1903 – Paul Joseph James Martin, Canadian politician (d. 1992)
• 1905 – Jack Pickersgill, Canadian politician (d. 1997)
• 1906 – Tribhuvan of Nepal (d. 1955)
• 1907 – Dercy Gonçalves, Brazilian comedian and actress (d. 2008)
• 1907 – James Meade, English economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
• 1909 – David Lewis, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 1981)
• 1910 – Jean Anouilh, French screenwriter (d. 1987)
• 1910 – Gordon B. Hinckley, American religious leader and author, 15th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 2008)
• 1910 – Milt Hinton, American bassist and photographer (d. 2000)
• 1910 – Bill King, English navy officer and author (d. 2012)
• 1912 – Alan Turing, English mathematician (d. 1954)
• 1913 – William P. Rogers, American politician (d. 2001)
• 1916 – Len Hutton, English cricketer (d. 1990)
• 1919 – Mohamed Boudiaf, Algerian politician (d. 1992)
• 1921 – Armand Russell, Canadian politician (d. 2012)
• 1922 – Morris R. Jeppson, American second lieutenant and assistant weaponeer on the Enola Gay (d. 2010)
• 1922 – Hal Laycoe, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1998)
• 1923 – Tedi Thurman, American model and actress (d. 2012)
• 1923 – Giuseppina Tuissi, Italian resistance member (d. 1945)
• 1925 – Miriam Karlin, English actress (d. 2011)
• 1925 – Art Modell, American businessman (d. 2012)
• 1927 – Bob Fosse, American actor, dancer, choreographer, and director (d. 1987)
• 1928 – Jean Cione, American baseball player (d. 2010)
• 1928 – Michael Shaara, American author (d. 1988)
• 1929 – June Carter Cash, American singer-songwriter, musician, and actress (Carter Family) (d. 2003)
• 1929 – Donn F. Eisele, American astronaut (d. 1987)
• 1932 – Harry Goz, American actor (d. 2003)
• 1935 – Maurice Ferre, American politician
• 1936 – Richard Bach, American writer
• 1936 – Costas Simitis, Greek politician
• 1937 – Martti Ahtisaari, Finnish politician, 10th President of Finland Nobel Prize laureate
• 1937 – Niki Sullivan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Crickets) (d. 2004)
• 1940 – Adam Faith, English singer, actor, and journalist (d. 2003)
• 1940 – Derry Irvine, Baron Irvine of Lairg, Scottish lawyer
• 1940 – Wilma Rudolph, American runner (d. 1994)
• 1940 – Stuart Sutcliffe, Scottish singer and bassist (The Beatles) (d. 1962)
• 1941 – Robert Hunter, American singer-songwriter, musician, and poet (The Grateful Dead)
• 1941 – Roger McDonald, Australian writer
• 1941 – Richie Roberts, American detective and attorney
• 1943 – Vint Cerf, American computer scientist and author
• 1943 – James Levine, American conductor and pianist
• 1945 – Kjell Albin Abrahamson, Swedish journalist and writer
• 1945 – John Garang, Sudanese politician (d. 2005)
• 1946 – Ted Shackelford, American actor
• 1947 – Bryan Brown, Australian actor
• 1948 – Myles Goodwyn, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (April Wine)
• 1948 – Luther Kent, American singer
• 1948 – Darhyl S. Ramsey, American author
• 1948 – Clarence Thomas, American judge, 95th Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
• 1949 – Gordon Bray, Australian sportscaster
• 1951 – Angelo Falcón, American political scientist, founded the National Institute for Latino Policy
• 1951 – Jim Metzler, American actor
• 1951 – Michèle Mouton, French Rally driver, the female to win a World Rally Championship event (1981 Rallye Sanremo)
• 1952 – Anthony Jackson, American bassist
• 1955 – Jordan, English actress and model
• 1955 – Pierre Corbeil, Canadian politician
• 1955 – Glenn Danzig, American singer-songwriter, musician, producer, and author (Misfits, Samhain, and Danzig)
• 1955 – Maggie Greenwald, American director and writer
• 1955 – Jean Tigana, French footballer
• 1956 – Tony Hill, American football player
• 1956 – Randy Jackson, American musician and producer
• 1957 – Frances McDormand, American actress
• 1960 – Donald Harrison, American saxophonist, composer, and producer
• 1960 – Tatsuya Uemura, Japanese composer and programmer
• 1961 – Zoran Janjetov, Serbian illustrator
• 1961 – LaSalle Thompson, American basketball player
• 1962 – Chuck Billy, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Testament and Dublin Death Patrol)
• 1962 – Steve Shelley, American drummer and producer (The Crucifucks, Sonic Youth, Dim Stars, and Disappears)
• 1962 – Kari Takko, Finnish ice hockey player
• 1962 – Kevin Yagher, American make-up artist
• 1963 – Colin Montgomerie, Scottish golfer
• 1964 – Yun Lou, Chinese gymnast
• 1964 – Joss Whedon, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1965 – Paul Arthurs, English musician (Oasis and The Rain)
• 1965 – Natalia Germanou Greek songwriter, television host, producer, and journalist
• 1965 – Mitch Longley American actor
• 1966 – Chico DeBarge, American singer and pianist (DeBarge)
• 1966 – Richie Ren, Taiwanese singer and actor
• 1967 – Helen Geake, English archaeologist
• 1969 – Martin Klebba, American actor
• 1970 – Robert Brooks, American football player
• 1970 – Martin Deschamps, Canadian singer (Offenbach)
• 1970 – Yann Tiersen, French musician and songwriter
• 1971 – Fred Ewanuick, Canadian actor
• 1971 – Félix Potvin, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1972 – Selma Blair, American actress
• 1972 – Ron Corning, American journalist
• 1972 – Zinedine Zidane, French footballer
• 1973 – Marija Naumova, Latvian singer-songwriter
• 1974 – Joel Edgerton, Australian actor
• 1974 – Mark Hendrickson, American baseball player
• 1975 – Jeffrey Carlson, American actor
• 1975 – Kevin Dyson, American football player
• 1975 – Mike James, American basketball player
• 1975 – Mik Kersten, Canadian computer scientist
• 1975 – KT Tunstall, Scottish singer-songwriter and musician
• 1976 – Wade Barrett, American soccer player
• 1976 – Joe Becker, American musician and composer
• 1976 – Patrick Monahan, Irish-Iranian comedian
• 1976 – Savvas Poursaitidis, Greek-Cypriot footballer
• 1976 – Brandon Stokley, American football player
• 1976 – Emmanuelle Vaugier, Canadian actress
• 1976 – Patrick Vieira, French footballer
• 1977 – Miguel Ángel Angulo, Spanish footballer
• 1977 – Hayden Foxe, Australian footballer
• 1977 – Jason Mraz, American singer-songwriter and musician
• 1977 – Shaun O'Hara, American football player
• 1978 – Memphis Bleek, American rapper, actor, and producer
• 1978 – Frédéric Leclercq, French singer-songwriter and musician (DragonForce)
• 1978 – Matt Light, American football player
• 1979 – LaDainian Tomlinson, American football player
• 1980 – Becky Cloonan, American writer and illustrator
• 1980 – Ramnaresh Sarwan, Guyanese cricketer
• 1980 – Francesca Schiavone, Italian tennis player
• 1981 – Antony Costa, English singer-songwriter and actor (Blue)
• 1981 – Rolf Wacha, German rugby player
• 1982 – Derek Boogaard, ice hockey player (d. 2011)
• 1983 – Jason Berrent, American actor and producer
• 1983 – Brooks Laich, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1983 – José Manuel Rojas, Chilean footballer
• 1983 – Miles Fisher, American actor and singer
• 1984 – Duffy, Welsh singer-songwriter
• 1984 – Takeshi Matsuda, Japanese swimmer
• 1984 – Levern Spencer, Saint Lucian high jumper
• 1984 – J. T. Thomas, American reality show contestant on Survivor: Tocantins
• 1984 – Dave Walsh, American gamer
• 1985 – Marcel Reece, American football player
• 1987 – Alessia Filippi, Italian swimmer
• 1987 – Jacob Lusk, American singer
• 1988 – Isabella Leong, Hong Kong singer and actress
• 1988 – Chellsie Memmel, American gymnast
• 1989 – Marielle Jaffe, American model and actress
• 1989 – Ayana Taketatsu, Japanese voice actress
• 1991 – Katie Armiger, American singer
• 1992 – Luiza Galiulina, Uzbekistani gymnast
• 1993 – Marvin Grumann, German footballer
• 1996 – Charlie Jones, English actor
• 1999 – Noah Marullo, English actor

Deaths

• 79 – Vespasian, Roman emperor (b. 9)
• 1018 – Henry I, Margrave of Austria
• 1222 – Constance of Aragon (b. 1179)
• 1314 – Henry de Bohun, English knight
• 1555 – Pedro Mascarenhas, Portuguese explorer, discovered the island of Diego Garcia (b. 1470)
• 1582 – Shimizu Muneharu, Japanese military leader (b. 1537)
• 1615 – Mashita Nagamori, Japanese warlord (b. 1545)
• 1677 – William Louis, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1647)
• 1686 – William Coventry, English statesman (b. 1628)
• 1707 – John Mill, English theologian (b. 1645)
• 1733 – Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, Swiss scholar (b. 1672)
• 1770 – Mark Akenside, English poet and physician (b. 1721)
• 1775 – Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz, German adventurer and writer (b. 1692)
• 1779 – Mikael Sehul, Ethiopian warlord (b. 1691)
• 1806 – Mathurin Jacques Brisson, French zoologist and philosopher (b. 1723)
• 1811 – Nicolau Tolentino de Almeida, Portuguese poet and satirist (b. 1740)
• 1832 – Sir James Hall, 4th Baronet, Scottish geologist (b. 1761)
• 1836 – James Mill, Scottish philosopher and historian (b. 1773)
• 1856 – Ivan Kireevsky, Russian critic and philosopher (b. 1806)
• 1881 – Matthias Jakob Schleiden, German botanist, and co-founder of the cell theory (b. 1804)
• 1891 – Wilhelm Eduard Weber, German physicist (b. 1804)
• 1891 – Samuel Newitt Wood, American politician (b. 1825)
• 1893 – Theophilus Shepstone, English-South African statesman (b. 1817)
• 1945 – Giuseppina Tuissi, Italian resistance member (b. 1923)
• 1949 – Aristidis Stergiadis, Greek governor-general of Smyrna (b. 1861)
• 1956 – Reinhold Glière, Russian composer (b. 1875)
• 1959 – Boris Vian, French polymath (b. 1920)
• 1969 – Volmari Iso-Hollo, Finnish athlete (b. 1907)
• 1970 – Roscoe Turner, American aviator (b. 1895)
• 1980 – Sanjay Gandhi, Indian politician, son of Indira Gandhi (b. 1946)
• 1980 – V. V. Giri, Indian politician, 4th President of India (b. 1894)
• 1980 – Clyfford Still, American painter (b. 1904)
• 1981 – Zarah Leander, Swedish actress and singer (b. 1907)
• 1982 – Vincent Chin, Chinese-American murder victim (b. 1955)
• 1989 – Werner Best, German jurist and Nazi party leader (b. 1903)
• 1992 – Eric Andolsek, American football player (b. 1966)
• 1995 – Jonas Salk, American biologist and physician (b. 1914)
• 1995 – Anatoli Tarasov, Russian ice hockey coach (b. 1918)
• 1996 – Andreas Papandreou, Greek politician (b. 1919)
• 1997 – Betty Shabazz, American educator and activist, wife of Malcolm X (b. 1936)
• 1998 – Maureen O'Sullivan, Irish actress (b. 1911)
• 1999 – Buster Merryfield, English actor (b. 1920)
• 2000 – Peter Dubovský, Slovak footballer (b. 1972)
• 2000 – Peter L. Pond, American activist and philanthropist (b. 1933)
• 2001 – Yvonne Dionne, Canadian model and actress (b. 1934)
• 2002 – Pedro Alcázar, Panamanian boxer (b. 1975)
• 2005 – Shana Alexander, American journalist (b. 1926)
• 2005 – Manolis Anagnostakis, Greek poet (b. 1925)
• 2006 – Aaron Spelling, American actor and producer, founded Spelling Television (b. 1923)
• 2006 – Grady Johnson, American wrestler (b. 1940)
• 2007 – Rod Beck, American baseball player (b. 1968)
• 2008 – Claudio Capone, Italian-Scottish voice actor (b. 1952)
• 2008 – Arthur Chung, Guyanan politician (b. 1918)
• 2008 – Marian Glinka, Polish actor (b. 1943)
• 2008 – Judith Holzmeister, Austrian actress (b. 1920)
• 2009 – John Callaway, American journalist (b. 1936)
• 2009 – Hanne Hiob, German actress (b. 1923)
• 2009 – Ed McMahon, American comedian and television host(b. 1923)
• 2009 – Jerri Nielsen, American physician (b. 1952)
• 2009 – Manuel Saval, Mexican actor (b. 1956)
• 2011 – Peter Falk, American actor (b. 1927)
• 2011 – Dennis Marshall, Costa Rican footballer (b. 1985)
• 2012 – Robin de la Lanne-Mirrlees, English author and soldier (b. 1925)
• 2012 – James Durbin, English statistician and econometrician (b. 1923)
• 2012 – Brigitte Engerer, French pianist (b. 1952)
• 2012 – Ken Hargreaves, English politician (b. 1939)
• 2012 – Alan McDonald, Irish footballer (b. 1963)
• 2012 – Walter J. Zable, American football player and businessman, founder of the Cubic Corporation (b. 1915)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Æthelthryth
  • Marie of Oignies
  • June 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

• Father's Day (Nicaragua, Poland, Uganda)
• Grand Duke's Official Birthday (Luxembourg)
• National Day of Remembrance for Victims of Terrorism (Canada)
• St John's Eve and the first day of the Midsummer celebrations (although this is not the real summer solstice, see June 20) (Roman Catholic Church, Northern Europe):
  • First day of Golowan Festival (Cornwall)
  • First night of Ivan Kupala Day
  • Jaaniõhtu (Estonia)
  • Last day of Drăgaica fair (Buzău, Romania)
  • Līgo (Latvia)
• United Nations Public Service Day (International)
• Victory Day (Estonia)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: June 23

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada